Iapetus Subduction

Approximately 500 million years ago, during the Cambrian period, the Iapetus seafloor began subducting into the Earth's mantle, creating volcanoes between the southern edge of the Laurentian land mass and the Iapetus ocean.

Geological diagram showing the subduction of the Iapetus Ocean that helped form Alabama
Geological diagram showing the subduction of the Iapetus Ocean that helped form Alabama