Stag Camp

A crude “stag” camp used by all-male workers of the Kaul Lumber Company logging longleaf pines. Logging evidently has begun, and wheeled log haulers, or “bummers”, can be seen at right. The large tent likely stored tools and food.

Courtesy of the A. S. Williams III Americana Collection, University of Alabama Libraries
Stag Camp

Yale Forestry School, Clay County

A man, likely a Yale forestry student, lounges on a mattress at a Kaul Lumber Company camp. Yale Forest School visited Hollins, Clay County, to study forestry in the South. Wool bedding has been hung out to dry in the background.

Courtesy of the A. S. Williams III Americana Collection, University of Alabama Libraries
Yale Forestry School, Clay County

Haircut at Camp

A worker receives a haircut at the Kaul Lumber Company camp in Hollins, Clay County. The man's style of dress indicates that he likely worked in a nearby mill complex.

Courtesy of the A. S. Williams III Americana Collection, University of Alabama Libraries
Haircut at Camp

Felling Longleaf Pines

Loggers use a cross-cut saw to fell longleaf pine trees. This image was taken during the early twentieth century in Clay County.

Courtesy of the A. S. Williams III Americana Collection, University of Alabama Libraries
Felling Longleaf Pines

Scaling Trees

A man measuring, or scaling, a log to determine the volume of marketable wood. This is likely a student, as this activity would normally be performed by a scaler at a loading deck at the mill instead of onsite.

Courtesy of the A. S. Williams III Americana Collection, University of Alabama Libraries
Scaling Trees

Log Bummer

Men load logs onto a logging bummer, a wheeled log hauler. Horses or mules, rather than oxen, typically were used in this operation.

Courtesy of the A. S. Williams III Americana Collection, University of Alabama Libraries
Log Bummer

Ox Team

Cut logs are transported with a log wagon and four yolks of oxen. Older oxen are positioned in front and younger oxen in the rear.

Courtesy of the A. S. Williams III Americana Collection, University of Alabama Libraries
Ox Team

Steam Loader

A Barnhart steam loader lifting cut longleaf pine logs, many with marks indicating turpentine extraction, onto railroad cars. Several men assist the placement of the logs, using poles with hooks to help roll logs, called "peaveys".

Courtesy of the A. S. Williams III Americana Collection, University of Alabama Libraries
Steam Loader

Train to the Mill

A train car carries a full load of logs to the sawmill of the Kaul Lumber Company in Hollins, Clay County, in this ca. 1910 photo.

Courtesy of A. S. Williams III Americana Collection, University of Alabama Libraries
Train to the Mill

Log Entering the Sawmill

A log positioned to enter a sawmill, in a staging area typically associated with mill ponds. A mill pond is a storage area for logs to prevent degradation of wood by such environmental elements as blue-stain fungus.

Courtesy of the A. S. Williams III Americana Collection, University of Alabama Libraries
Log Entering the Sawmill

Interior of the Saw Mill

An interior of the Kaul Lumber Company sawmill in Hollins, Clay County. Many mills switched to more narrow band saws in the early 1900s. Logs were loaded onto sleds, such as the one pictured with flanged wheels and rails, and fed into the saw.

Courtesy of the A. S. Williams III Americana Collection, University of Alabama Libraries
Interior of the Saw Mill

Lumber Yard

The finishing yard at the Kaul Lumber Company saw mill in Hollins, Clay County, where cut boards are being moved by horse and cart.

Courtesy of the A. S. Williams III Americana Collection. The University of Alabama Libraries.
Lumber Yard

Kaul Lumber Company Sawmill

Piles of sawn planks sit in the yard of the Kaul Lumber Company sawmill in Hollins, Clay County, ca. 1910.

Courtesy of the A. S. Williams III Americana Collection, University of Alabama Libraries
Kaul Lumber Company Sawmill